UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ___________.

Commission File Number: 1-15288

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:   (203) 920-1055

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

    Common Stock, $.01 par value    

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in this filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D.1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes ☐    No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $39,885,677 based on the closing price as reported on NYSE American Exchange.  Shares of voting stock held by each officer and director and by each person, who as of June 30, 2022, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, may be deemed to have beneficially owned more than 10% of the voting stock have been excluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination of affiliate status for any other purpose.

The number of shares outstanding of Registrant's common stock as of March 23, 2023 was 23,817,505.

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

2022 FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

PART I

PART I

Forward-looking statements:

THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K CONTAINS STATEMENTS ABOUT FUTURE EVENTS AND EXPECTATIONS WHICH ARE “FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS”. ANY STATEMENT IN THIS 10-K THAT IS NOT A STATEMENT OF HISTORICAL FACT MAY BE DEEMED TO BE A FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS PROVIDE CURRENT EXPECTATIONS OF FUTURE EVENTS BASED ON CERTAIN ASSUMPTIONS AND INCLUDE ANY STATEMENT THAT DOES NOT DIRECTLY RELATE TO ANY HISTORICAL OR CURRENT FACT. STATEMENTS CONTAINING SUCH WORDS AS “MAY,” “WILL,” “EXPECT,” “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “INTEND,” “COULD,” “ESTIMATE,” “CONTINUE” OR “PLAN” AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS OR VARIATIONS ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.  THESE STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON THE BELIEFS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF OUR MANAGEMENT BASED ON INFORMATION CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TO MANAGEMENT. SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO CURRENT RISKS, UNCERTAINTIES AND ASSUMPTIONS RELATED TO VARIOUS FACTORS SET FORTH IN THIS REPORT AND IN OTHER FILINGS MADE BY US WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. BASED UPON CHANGING CONDITIONS, SHOULD ANY ONE OR MORE OF THESE RISKS OR UNCERTAINTIES MATERIALIZE, INCLUDING THOSE DISCUSSED AS “RISK FACTORS” IN ITEM 1A AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS REPORT, OR SHOULD ANY OF OUR UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS PROVE INCORRECT, ACTUAL RESULTS MAY VARY MATERIALLY FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT. WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE, AND WE DO NOT HAVE A POLICY OF UPDATING OR REVISING THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. READERS ARE CAUTIONED NOT TO PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, WHICH SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THE STATEMENT WAS MADE. UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES, THE TERMS “NETWORK-1,” “COMPANY,” “WE,” “OUR,” “US” MEAN NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND ITS WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES, MIRROR WORLDS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC AND HFT SOLUTIONS, LLC.

ITEM 1.   BUSINESS

Overview

Our principal business is the development, licensing and protection of our intellectual property assets. We presently own ninety-seven (97) U.S. patents, fifty-two (52) of such patents have expired, and eight foreign patents relating to (i) our Cox patent portfolio (the “Cox Patent Portfolio”) relating to enabling technology for identifying media content on the Internet and taking further actions to be performed after such identification; (ii) our M2M/IoT patent portfolio (the “M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio”) relating to, among other

things, enabling technology for authenticating, provisioning and using embedded Sim (Subscriber Identification Module) technology in next generation IoT, Machine-to-Machine, and other mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and computers; (iii) our HFT patent portfolio (the “HFT Patent Portfolio”) covering certain advanced technologies relating to high frequency trading, which inventions specifically address technological problems associated with speed and latency and provide critical latency gains in trading systems where the difference between success and failure may be measured in nanoseconds; (iv) our Mirror Worlds patent portfolio (the “Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio”) relating to foundational technologies that enable unified search and indexing, displaying and archiving of documents in a computer system; and (v) our remote power patent (the “Remote Power Patent”) covering the delivery of Power over Ethernet (PoE) cables for the purpose of remotely powering network devices, such as wireless access ports, IP phones and network based cameras.  In addition, we review opportunities to acquire or license additional intellectual property as well as other strategic alternatives.

We have invested $7,000,000 in ILiAD Biotechnologies, LLC (“ILiAD”), a clinical stage biotechnology company with an exclusive license to sixty-four (64) patents. On December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 6.8% of the outstanding units of ILiAD on a non-fully diluted basis and 6.3% of the outstanding units on a fully diluted basis (after giving effect to the exercise of all outstanding options and warrants).

Our current strategy includes continuing our efforts to monetize our intellectual property.  In addition, we continue to seek to acquire additional intellectual property assets to develop, commercialize, license or otherwise monetize. Our strategy includes working with inventors and patent owners to assist in the development and monetization of their patented technologies. Our patent acquisition and development strategy is to focus on acquiring high quality patents which management believes have the potential to generate significant licensing opportunities as we have achieved with respect to our Remote Power Patent and our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio. In addition, we may also enter into strategic relationships with third parties to develop, commercialize, license or otherwise monetize their intellectual property.

We have been dependent upon our Remote Power Patent for a significant portion of our revenue. We no longer receive licensing revenue for our Remote Power Patent for any period subsequent to March 7, 2020 (the expiration date of the patent). Our future revenue is largely dependent on our ability to monetize our other patent assets.

We have pending litigation involving our assertion of infringement claims concerning certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio and our Remote Power Patent. In addition, we have a pending appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit of the District Court judgment of non-infringement dismissing our case against Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.) involving certain patents within our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-21 of this Annual Report).

At December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $48,439,000 and working capital of $47,359,000. Based on our current cash position, we believe that we will have sufficient cash to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.

Overview of Our Patents

We currently own ninety-seven (97) U.S. patents and eight foreign patents relating to patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio, M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio, HFT Patent Portfolio, Mirror World Patent Portfolio and our Remote Power Patent. With respect to our ninety-seven (97) U.S. patents, fifty-two (52) of such patents have expired. However, we can assert expired patents against third parties but only for past damages up to the expiration date. We currently have pending litigation involving expired patents including our Remote Power Patent, and certain patents within our Cox and Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolios (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-21 hereof).

Cox Patent Portfolio

Our Cox Patent Portfolio, acquired from Dr. Ingemar Cox in February 2013, currently consists of thirty-nine (39) U.S. patents relating to enabling technology for identifying media content on the Internet, such as audio and video, and taking further actions to be performed based on such identification. All of the patents within our Cox patent portfolio expired in September 2021 except for two patents which expire in July 2023 and November 2023. We have pending litigation against Google Inc. and YouTube, LLC involving assertion of certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio (see “Legal Proceedings” at page 19 hereof). The patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio are based on a patent application filed in 2000. Since the acquisition of the Cox Patent Portfolio in February 2013, we have been issued thirty-four (34) additional patents relating to this portfolio. The claims in these thirty-four (34) additional patents are generally directed towards systems of content identification and performing actions following therefrom.

We are obligated to pay Dr. Cox 12.5% of the net proceeds generated by us from licensing, sale or enforcement of the Cox Patent Portfolio. Dr. Cox provides consulting services to us with respect to the Cox Patent Portfolio and assists our efforts to develop the patent portfolio.

Dr. Cox is currently a Professor at the University of Copenhagen and University College London where he is head of its Information and Decision Systems Group. Dr. Cox was formerly a member of the Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Labs and a Fellow at NEC Research Institute. He is a Fellow of the ACM, IEEE, the IET (formerly IEE), and the British Computer Society and is a member of the UK Computing Research Committee. In 2019, Dr. Cox was the recipient of the Tony Kent Strix Award in recognition of his contribution to the field of information retrieval. He was founding co-editor in chief of the IEE Proc. on Information Security and was an associate editor of the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security. He is co-author of a book entitled “Digital Watermarking” and its second edition “Digital Watermarking and Steganography”. He is an inventor or co-inventor of over seventy (70) U.S. patents.

M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio

Our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio, acquired in December 2017 from M2M and IoT Technologies, LLC (“M2M”), relates to, among other things, enabling technology for authenticating, provisioning and using embedded SIM technology in next generation IoT, Machine-to-Machine and other mobile devices including smartphones, tablets and computers as well as automobiles and drones. The M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio currently consists of thirty-four (34) issued U.S. patents, four pending U.S. patent applications, seven registered foreign patents and seven additional pending non-U.S. patent applications. Since we acquired the M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio in December 2017, we have been issued twenty-two (22) additional U.S. patents with respect to the portfolio. We anticipate further issuances of additional claims for this portfolio. The expiration dates of the thirty-four (34) issued U.S. patents currently within our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio range from September 2033 to May 2034.

We have an obligation to pay M2M 14% of the first $100 million of net proceeds (after deduction of expenses) and 5% of net proceeds greater than $100 million from Monetization Activities (as defined) related to our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio. In addition, M2M will be entitled to receive from us $250,000 of additional consideration upon the occurrence of certain future events related to the patent portfolio.

John Nix, the Managing Member of M2M, provides consulting services to us with respect to our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio. Mr. Nix is an entrepreneur and inventor, and founder and Chief Executive Officer of Vobal Technologies, LLC. In 2016, Mr. Nix was recognized as “Creator of the Year” by the Intellectual Property Law Association of Chicago for his intellectual property related to embedded SIM technology.

HFT Patent Portfolio

On March 25, 2022, we acquired the HFT Patent Portfolio. This portfolio covers certain advanced technologies relating to high frequency trading, which inventions specifically address technological problems associated with speed and latency and provide critical latency gains in trading systems where the difference between success and failure may be measured in nanoseconds. The HFT Patent Portfolio currently includes nine issued U.S. patents and two pending U.S. patents.

In addition to the purchase price that we paid at closing, we have an obligation to pay the seller an additional cash payment of $500,000 and $375,000 of our common stock contingent upon achieving certain milestones with respect to the HFT Patent Portfolio. We also have an obligation to pay the seller 15% of the first $50 million of net proceeds (after deduction of expenses) generated from the patent portfolio and 17.5% of net proceeds greater than $50 million.

Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio

Our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio, acquired in May 2013, consists of ten (10) U.S. patents and covers foundational technologies that enable unified search and indexing, displaying and archiving of documents in a computer system. All of our patents within our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio have expired. The Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio includes U.S. Patent No. 6,006,227 (the “227 Patent”), U.S. Patent No. 7,865,538 and U.S. Patent No. 8,255,439 which are currently being asserted in our litigation against Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.) (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-20 hereof). Our 227 Patent was previously asserted in litigations against Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corporation which were settled resulting in aggregate payments to us of $29,650,000.

The inventions relating to document stream operating systems covered by our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio resulted from the work done by Yale University computer scientist, Professor David Gelernter, and his then graduate student, Dr. Eric Freeman, in the mid-1990s. Certain aspects of the technologies developed by David Gelernter were commercialized in their company's product offering called “Scopeware.” Technologies embodied in Scopeware are now common in various computer and web-based operating systems. Professor Gelernter and Dr. Freeman each entered into consulting agreements with us as part of our acquisition of the Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio.

As part of our acquisition of the Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio in 2013, we also entered into an agreement with Recognition Interface, LLC (“Recognition”), an entity that financed the commercialization of the Mirror Worlds patent portfolio prior to its sale to Mirror Worlds, LLC and also retained an interest in the licensing proceeds of the Mirror Worlds patent portfolio. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement with us, we are obligated to pay Recognition an interest in the net proceeds realized from our monetization of the Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio as follows: (i) 10% of the first $125 million of net proceeds; (ii) 15% of the next $125 million of net proceeds; and (iii) 20% of any portion of the net proceeds in excess of $250 million. Since entering into the agreement with Recognition in May 2013, we have paid Recognition an aggregate of $3,127,000 with respect to such net proceeds interest in our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio (no such payments were made during the years 2022 and 2021).

Remote Power Patent

Our Remote Power Patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,218,930) covers the delivery of power over Ethernet cables for the purpose of remotely powering network devices such as wireless access ports, IP phones and network based cameras. Our Remote Power Patent expired on March 7, 2020. Notwithstanding the expiration of the Remote Power Patent in March 2020, we are currently asserting the patent in separate actions against five defendants for damages prior to March 7, 2020 (expiration date) (see “Legal Proceedings” at page 20 hereof).

On June 13, 2003, the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEEE), a non-profit, technical professional association, approved the 802.3af Power over Ethernet standard (the “Standard”), which covers technologies deployed in delivering power over Ethernet networks. The Standard provides for the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) to be deployed in switches or as standalone midspan hubs to provide power to remote devices such as wireless access points, IP phones and network-based cameras. The technology is commonly referred to as Power over Ethernet (“PoE”). In 2009, the IEEE Standards Association approved 802.3at, a new PoE standard which, among other things, increased the available power for delivery over Ethernet networks. We believe that our Remote Power Patent covers several of the key technologies covered by both the 802.3af and 802.3at standards.

Network-1 Strategy

Our strategy is to capitalize on our intellectual property assets by entering into licensing arrangements with third parties that utilize our intellectual property's proprietary technologies as well as any additional proprietary technologies covered by patents which may be acquired by us in the future. Our current patent acquisition and development strategy is to focus on acquiring high quality patents which management believes have the potential to generate significant licensing opportunities as has been the case with our Remote Power Patent and Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio. Our Remote Power Patent has generated licensing revenue in excess of $187,000,000 from May 2007 through December 31, 2022. Since acquisition of our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio in May 2013, we have received licensing and other revenue of $47,150,000 through December 31, 2022. In addition, we may enter into third party strategic relationships with inventors and patent owners to assist in the development and monetization of their patent technologies. Based on our cash position, we review opportunities to acquire additional intellectual property as well as evaluate other strategic alternatives.

In connection with our activities relating to the protection of our intellectual property assets, or the intellectual property assets of third parties with whom we may have strategic relationships in the future, it may be necessary to assert patent infringement claims against third parties whom we believe are infringing our patents or those of our strategic partners. We are currently involved in several litigations to protect our patents including certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio, Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio and Remote Power Patent (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-21 hereof). We have previously successfully asserted litigation with respect to our Remote Power Patent and our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio and have also been successful in defending proceedings at the USPTO challenging the validity of our Remote Power Patent and certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio.

Significant Licensees

We had no revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. Revenue from our Remote Power Patent constituted 100% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, of which two licensees constituted 99% of our revenue for such year.

Competition

With respect to our ability to acquire additional intellectual property assets or enter into strategic relationships with third parties to monetize their intellectual property assets, we face considerable competition from other companies, many of which have significantly greater financial and other resources than we have. The patent licensing and enforcement industry has grown and there has been a material increase in the number of companies seeking to acquire intellectual property assets from third parties or to provide financing to third parties seeking to monetize their intellectual property. Entities including, among others, Acacia Research Corporation (NASDAQ:ACTG), Intellectual Ventures, WI-LAN Inc., a subsidiary of Quarterhill Inc. (NASDAQ:QTRH), VirnetX Holdings Corporation (NYSE MKT:VHC) and RPX Corporation, seek to acquire intellectual property or partner with third parties to license or enforce intellectual property rights. In addition, we also compete with strategic corporate buyers with respect to the acquisition of intellectual property assets. It is expected that others will enter this market as well. Many of these competitors have significantly greater financial and human resources than us.

We may also compete with litigation funding firms such as Burford Capital Limited, Validity Finance, LLC, Fortress Investment Group, LLC, Parabellum Capital LLC and Bentham Capital LLC, venture capital firms and hedge funds for intellectual property acquisitions and licensing opportunities. Many of these competitors also have greater financial resources and human resources than us.

Regulatory Environment

If new legislation, regulations or rules are implemented either by Congress, the USPTO or the courts that impact the patent application process, the patent enforcement process or the rights of patent holders, these changes could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Certain legislation, regulations, and rulings by the courts and actions by the USPTO have materially increased the risk and cost of enforcement of patents. U.S. patent laws were amended by the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, referred to as the “America Invents Act”, which became effective on March 16, 2013. The America Invents Act included a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. In general, it addressed issues surrounding the enforceability of patents and the increase in patent litigation by, among other things, establishing new procedures for patent litigation and new administrative post-grant review procedures to challenge the patentability of issued patents outside of litigation, including Inter Partes Review (IPR) and Covered Business Method Review (CBM) proceedings which provide third parties a timely and cost effective alternative to district court litigation to challenge the validity of an issued patent. The America Invents Act and its implementation has increased the uncertainties and costs surrounding the enforcement of patent rights has made it more difficult to successfully enforce our patents.

In addition, future changes in patent law could adversely impact our business. Such changes may not be advantageous to us and may make it more difficult to obtain adequate patent protection to enforce our patents. Increased focus on the growing number of patent lawsuits, particularly by non-practicing entities (NPEs), may result in legislative changes which increase the risk and costs of asserting patent litigation.

Investment in ILiAD Biotechnologies

During the period December 2018 to date, we made an aggregate investment of $7,000,000 in ILiAD, a privately held clinical stage biotechnology company dedicated to the prevention and treatment of human disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. ILiAD is currently focused on validating its proprietary intranasal vaccine, BPZE1, for the prevention of pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis is a life-threatening disease caused by the highly contagious respiratory bacterium Bordetella pertussis. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year pertussis affects approximately 16 million people globally, accounting for nearly 200,000 deaths. ILiAD has the exclusive license to sixty-four (64) issued patents and has thirty (30) pending patent applications. On December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 6.8% of the outstanding units of ILiAD on a non-fully diluted basis and 6.3% of the outstanding units on a fully diluted basis (after giving effect to the exercise of all outstanding options, and warrants). In connection with our investment, Corey Horowitz, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, became a member of ILiAD’s Board of Managers.

BPZE1 was developed in the laboratory of Camille Locht, PhD, at the Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL) and French National Institute of Health and Medical research. BPZE1 is a live-attenuated intranasal vaccine designed to overcome deficiencies of current pertussis vaccines, including poor durability of protection and failure to prevent nasopharyngeal Bordetella pertussis infections that lead to escape mutants and transmission to vulnerable infants. On January 3, 2022, ILiAD announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track designation for BPZE1.

On August 24, 2022, ILiAD consummated a private financing of $42,800,000 of its Class D units, of which a multi-national pharmaceutical company invested $30,000,000. As a result of the financing, we recognized a gain of $3,883,000 on our equity investment and a gain of $271,000 with respect to the conversion of our convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000 plus interest into equity of ILiAD.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in July 1990. Our principal executive offices are located at 65 Locust Avenue, Third Floor, New Canaan, Connecticut 06840 and our telephone number is (203) 920-1055.

Available Information

We file or furnish various reports, such as registration statements, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other materials with the SEC. Our website address is www.network-1.com. You may obtain, free of charge on our Internet website, copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information we post on our website is intended for reference purposes only; none of the information posted on our website is part of this Annual Report or incorporated by reference herein.

In addition to the materials that are posted on our website, you may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and other information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC’s Internet site is http://www.sec.gov.

Employees and Consultants

We currently have two employees and two consultants providing monthly services to us.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various material risks and uncertainties, including those described below, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, and the trading price of our common stock. You should carefully consider the material risks and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, but not limited to, the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The material risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do not know of or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be materially adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our revenue from licensing intellectual property is uncertain as it is generally dependent upon litigation outcomes involving our patents which we cannot predict.

Our revenue is dependent upon our litigation outcomes. We currently have pending litigation involving our Cox Patent Portfolio and Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio as well as our Remote Power Patent (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-21 hereof). Patent litigation is inherently risky and uncertain and we cannot assure you that any of our current or future litigation will result in a favorable outcome for us. Accordingly, our revenue is uncertain.

If we are unable to protect our patents, our business would be negatively impacted.

We believe our patents are valid, enforceable and valuable. Despite this belief, third parties typically defend assertion of our patents by asserting defenses, among others, of non-infringement and invalidity. In addition, in the future certain of our patents may be subject to USPTO post-grant inter partes review proceedings (IPRs) which could result in all or a part of our patents being invalidated or the claims being limited. Unfavorable outcomes in our litigation or IPRs may reduce our ability to enforce our patents or have other adverse consequences. If we are unable to protect our patents or otherwise realize value for them, our business would be negatively impacted.

The outcome of our substantial investment in ILiAD is uncertain.

To date we have invested $7,000,000 in ILiAD, a privately held clinical stage biotechnology company, with focus on validating its proprietary intranasal vaccine (BPZE1) for the prevention of pertussis (whopping cough). For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a gain of $3,883,000 on our ILiAD investment in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 323 as a result of ILiAD’s completion of a private financing of approximately $42,800,000 in August 2022 which included an investment of $30,000,000 by a multi-national pharmaceutical company. We also recorded a gain in 2022 of $271,000 in connection with conversion of our convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000 plus accrued interest into equity in the ILiAD private offering (see Note B[6] and Note H to our consolidated financial statements included herein). Notwithstanding the gains we recorded in 2022, our investment in ILiAD remains subject to substantial risks.

We have been dependent upon our Remote Power Patent for a significant portion of our revenue and we may not be able to generate future revenue from our other patents.

Our Remote Power Patent has generated licensing revenue for us in excess of $187,000,000 from May 2007 through December 31, 2022. We had no revenue in 2022 and revenue from our Remote Power Patent constituted 100% of our revenue for 2021 ($36,029,000), 2020 ($4,403,000) and 2019 ($3,037,000). As a result of the expiration of our Remote Power Patent on March 7, 2020, we no longer receive licensing revenue from such patent for any period subsequent to the expiration date. Our failure to successfully monetize our other patents would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We may not achieve successful outcomes of our pending or future litigation which would have a negative impact on our business.

We are currently enforcing certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio against Google and YouTube, who are challenging these patents and we are also asserting our Remote Power Patent in nine separate litigations against ten defendants. We have appealed to the Federal Circuit the District Court decision granting Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc.), summary judgment of non-infringement and dismissing our case involving certain patents within our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-20 hereof). In addition, our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio and HFT Patent Portfolio, are not currently being asserted. We may not have success in enforcing or defending our patents, which would have a negative impact on our business.

We may not be able to capitalize in the future on our strategy to acquire high quality patents with significant licensing opportunities or enter into strategic relationships with third parties to license or otherwise monetize their intellectual property.

Based upon the success we achieved from licensing our Remote Power Patent (twenty-eight (28) license agreements which generated in excess of $187,000,000 of revenue), the revenue we generated from our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio ($47,150,000) and establishing a patent portfolio currently consisting of ninety-seven (97) U.S. patents and eight foreign patents as well as our cash position, we believe we have the expertise and sufficient capital to compete in the patent monetization market and to enter strategic relationships with third parties to develop, commercialize, license or otherwise monetize their patents. Our strategy is to focus on acquiring high quality patent assets which management believes have the potential for significant licensing opportunities. However, we may not be able to acquire such additional high quality patents or, if acquired, we may not achieve material revenue or profit from such patents. Acquisitions of patent assets are competitive, time consuming, complex and costly to consummate. High quality patents with significant licensing opportunities are difficult to find and are often very competitive to acquire.  In addition, such acquisitions present material risks. Even if we acquire such additional patent assets, we may not be able to achieve significant licensing revenue or even generate sufficient revenue related to such patent assets to offset the acquisition costs and the legal fees and expenses which may be incurred to enforce, license or otherwise monetize such patents. In addition, we may not be able to enter into strategic relationships with third parties to license or otherwise monetize their intellectual property and, even if we consummate such strategic relationships, we may not achieve material revenue or profit from such relationships.

The patent monetization cycle is long, costly and unpredictable.

There is generally a significant time lag between acquiring a patent portfolio and recognizing revenue from those patent assets. During this time lag, significant costs are likely to be incurred which may have a negative impact on our results of operations, cash flow and financial position. Furthermore, the outcome of our efforts to monetize our patents is uncertain and we may not be successful.

Our quarterly and annual operating and financial results and our revenue are difficult to predict and are likely to fluctuate significantly in future periods.

Our quarterly and annual operating and financial results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period. In 2022, we had no revenue and incurred a net loss of $2,326,000. We had revenue of $36,029,000 and net income of $14,281,000 for 2021, as compared to revenue of $4,403,000 and a net loss of $1,709,000 for 2020. We had revenue of $3,037,000 and a net loss of $1,792,000 for 2019 as compared to revenue and net income of $22,106,000 and $7,706,000 for 2018. Accordingly, our revenue, net income and results of operations may widely fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control including the timing and our ability to achieve successful outcomes from current and future patent litigation, our ability and timing in consummating future license agreements for our intellectual property assets, the timing and extent of payments received by us from licensees, whether we will achieve a successful outcome of our investment in ILiAD, and the timing and our ability to achieve revenue from future strategic relationships.

In the future we could be classified as a Personal Holding Company resulting in a 20% tax on our PHC Income that we do not distribute to our shareholders.

The personal holding company (“PHC”) rules under the Internal Revenue Code impose a 20% tax on a PHC’s undistributed personal holding company income (“UPHCI”), which means, in general, taxable income subject to certain adjustments and reduced by certain distributions to shareholders. For a corporation to be classified as a PHC, it must satisfy two tests: (1) that more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares must be owned directly or indirectly by five or fewer individuals at any time during the second half of the year (after applying constructive ownership rules to attribute stock owned by entities to their beneficial owners and among certain family members and other related parties) (the “Ownership Test”) and (2) at least 60% of its adjusted ordinary gross income for a taxable year consists of dividends, interest, royalties, annuities and rents (the “Income Test”). During the second half of 2022, based on available information concerning our shareholder ownership, we did not satisfy the Ownership Test and thus we were not a PHC for 2022. However, we may be determined to be a PHC in the future.  If we were determined to be a PHC in 2023 or any future year, we would be subject to an additional 20% tax on our UPHCI. In such event, we may issue a special cash dividend to our shareholders in an amount equal to the UPHCI rather than incur the 20% tax.

We are dependent upon our CEO and Chairman.

Our success is largely dependent upon the personal efforts of Corey M. Horowitz, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors. On March 22, 2022, we entered into a new four year employment agreement with Mr. Horowitz pursuant to which he continues to serve as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of Mr. Horowitz would have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. We do not maintain key-man life insurance on the life of Mr. Horowitz.

Cash dividends may not be continued to be paid.

Our dividend policy consists of semi-annual cash dividends of $0.05 per share ($0.10 per share annually) which have been paid in March and September of each year. We have paid such semi-annual dividends since our dividend policy was enacted in December 2016. At this time we anticipate continuing to pay dividends consistent with our policy. However, our dividend policy undergoes a periodic review by our Board of Directors and is subject to change at any time depending upon our earnings, financial requirements and other factors existing at the time.  We may not be in a position to continue to pay dividends in the future.

Legislation, regulations, court rulings and actions by the USPTO have materially increased the risk and cost of enforcement of patents and may continue to do so in the future.

Legislation, regulations, court rulings and actions by the USPTO have materially increased the risk and cost of enforcing patents. U.S. patent laws were amended by the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, referred to as the America Invents Act, which became effective on March 16, 2013. The America Invents Act included a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. In general, it addressed issues surrounding the enforceability of patents and the increase in patent litigation by, among other things, established new procedures for patent litigation and new administrative post-grant review procedures to challenge the patentability of issued patents outside of litigation, including Inter Partes Review (IPR) and Covered Business Method Review (CBM) proceedings which provide third parties a timely, cost effective alternative to district court litigation to challenge the validity of an issued patent. In addition, the America Invents Act changed the way that parties may be joined in patent infringement actions, and increased the likelihood that such actions will need to be brought against individual parties allegedly infringing by their respective individual actions or activities. The America Invents Act and its implementation also increased the uncertainties and costs surrounding the enforcement of patent rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in patent law could adversely impact our business.

Patent laws may continue to change and may alter the protections afforded to owners of patent rights. Such changes may not be advantageous to us and may make it more difficult to obtain adequate patent protection to enforce our patents. Increased focus on the growing number of patent lawsuits, particularly by non-practicing entities (NPEs), may result in further legislative changes which increase the risk and costs of asserting patent litigation.

Our pending patent infringement litigations are time consuming and costly.

We have pending litigations involving our Cox Patent Portfolio, Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio (pending appeal to the Federal Circuit of dismissal of our Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc.) litigation) and Remote Power Patent (see “Legal Proceedings” at pages 19-21 of this Annual Report). While we have contingent legal fee arrangements, or a contingency plus a fixed cash amount arrangement, with our patent litigation counsel in each litigation, we are responsible for all or a portion of the expenses which are anticipated to be material. In addition, the time and effort required of our management to effectively pursue these litigations is likely to be significant and it may adversely affect other business opportunities.

We face intense competition to acquire intellectual property and enter into strategic relationships.

With respect to our ability to acquire additional intellectual property or enter into strategic relationships with third parties to monetize their intellectual property, we face considerable competition from other companies, many of which have significantly greater financial and other resources than we have. We face a number of competitors in the patent licensing and enforcement business seeking to acquire intellectual property rights from third parties. Many of these competitors have significantly more financial and human resources than us.

We may also compete with strategic corporate buyers, litigation funding firms, venture capital firms and hedge funds for intellectual property acquisitions and licensing opportunities. Many of these competitors have greater financial resources and human resources than us.

Our markets are subject to rapid technological change and our technologies face potential technology obsolescence.

The markets covered by our intellectual property are characterized by rapid technological changes, changing customer requirements, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, and evolving industry standards. The introduction of products embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards may render our technologies obsolete or less marketable.

In addition, other companies may develop competing technologies that offer better or less expensive alternatives to the technologies covered by our intellectual property. Moreover, technological advances or entirely different approaches developed by other companies or adopted by various standards groups could render our patents obsolete, less marketable or unenforceable.

The burdens of being a public company may adversely affect us including our ability to pursue litigation.

As a public company, our management must devote substantial time, attention and financial resources to comply with U.S. securities laws. This may have a material adverse effect on management's ability to effectively and efficiently pursue its business. In addition, our disclosure obligations under U.S. securities laws require us to disclose information publicly that will be available to litigation opponents. We may, from time to time, be required to disclose information that may have a material adverse effect on our litigation strategies. This information may enable our litigation opponents to develop effective litigation strategies that are contrary to our interests.

General Risk Factors

Investors may have limited influence on stockholder decisions because ownership of our common stock is concentrated.

As of March 10, 2023, our executive officers and directors beneficially owned 30.8% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders may be able to exercise substantial control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership will limit other stockholders' ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us.

Our common stock may be delisted from the NYSE American exchange if we fail to comply with continued listing standards.

Our common stock is currently traded on the NYSE American exchange under the symbol “NTIP”. If we fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of the NYSE American exchange, our common stock could be delisted. Such delisting could adversely affect the price and trading (including liquidity) of our common stock.

There are inherent uncertainties involved in estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Any changes in estimates, judgments and assumptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States (“U.S. GAAP”) involves making estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets (including intangible assets), liabilities and related reserves, revenues, expenses, and income. Estimates, judgments, and assumptions are inherently subject to change in the future, and any such changes could result in corresponding changes to the amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and income. Any such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Provisions in our corporate charter, by-laws and in Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, discourage a takeover and adversely affect existing stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the Board of Directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our Board of Directors, without further action by stockholders, and may include, among other things, voting rights (including the right to vote as a series on particular matters), preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, and sinking fund provisions, any of which could adversely affect holders of our common stock. Although there are currently no shares of preferred stock outstanding, future holders of preferred stock may have rights superior to our common stock and such rights could also be used to restrict our ability to merge with or sell our assets to third parties.

We are also subject to the “anti takeover” provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could prevent us from engaging in a “business combination” with a 15% or greater stockholder for a period of three years from the date such person acquired that status unless appropriate board or stockholder approvals are obtained.

In addition, our By-laws contain advance notice requirements for director nominations and for new business to be brought up at stockholder meetings. Stockholders wishing to submit director nominations or raise matters to a vote of stockholders must provide notice to us within specified date windows and in very specific forms in order to have that matter voted on at a stockholders meeting.

The aforementioned provisions could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over the then current market price. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to delay, deter or prevent a change of control, or approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material and adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

Our principal executive offices are located in New Canaan, Connecticut, where we lease approximately 2,000 square feet of office space at a base rent of $5,500 per month pursuant to a lease amendment, dated May 1, 2022, which term expires on April 30, 2025. We believe that our office facility is suitable and appropriate to support our current needs.

ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Cox Patent Portfolio Litigation

On April 4, 2014 and December 3, 2014, we initiated litigation against Google Inc. (“Google”) and YouTube, LLC (“YouTube”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for infringement of several of our patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio which relate to the identification of media content on the Internet. The lawsuit alleges that Google and YouTube have infringed and continue to infringe certain of our patents by making, using, selling and offering to sell unlicensed systems and related products and services, which include YouTube’s Content ID system.

The litigations against Google and YouTube were subject to court ordered stays which were in effect from July 2, 2015 until January 2, 2019 as a result of proceedings then pending at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) and the appeals to the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Pursuant to a joint stipulation and order, entered on January 2, 2019, the parties agreed, among other things, that the stays with respect to the litigations were lifted. In January 2019, the two litigations against Google and YouTube were consolidated. Discovery is complete and the parties have each submitted summary judgment motions. A trial date has not yet been set.

Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio Litigation

Meta (Facebook) Litigation

On May 9, 2017, Mirror Worlds Technologies, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, initiated litigation against Facebook, Inc. (“now Meta Platforms, Inc., “Meta”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,006,227, U.S. Patent No. 7,865,538 and U.S. Patent No. 8,255,439 (among the patents within our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio). The lawsuit alleges that the asserted patents are infringed by Meta’s core technologies that enable Meta’s Newsfeed and Timeline features. We seek, among other things, monetary damages based upon reasonable royalties.

On May 7, 2018, Meta filed a motion for summary judgment on non-infringement. On August 11, 2018, the Court issued an order granting Facebook’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement and dismissed the case. On January 23, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled in our favor and reversed the summary judgment finding on non-infringement of the District Court and remanded the litigation to the Southern District of New York for further proceedings.

On March 7, 2022, the District Court entered a ruling granting in part and denying in part a motion for summary judgment by Meta. In its ruling the Court (i) denied Meta’s motion that the asserted patents were invalid by concluding that all asserted claims were patent eligible under §101 of the Patent Act and (ii) granted summary judgment of non-infringement in favor of Facebook and dismissed the case. We strongly disagree with the decision on non-infringement and on April 4, 2022 we filed an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The appeal is pending.

Remote Power Patent Litigation

October-November 2022 Litigation

In October and November 2022, we initiated nine separate litigations against ten defendants for infringement of our Remote Power Patent seeking monetary damages based upon reasonable royalties, as follows:

During the period January 24, 2023 through March 10, 2023, we entered into settlement agreements with Arista Networks, Inc., Antaira Technologies, LLC, Panasonic Holdings Corporation and TP-Link USA Corporation with respect to the above referenced litigations resulting in aggregate settlement payments to us of $537,300 and a conditional payment of $150,000.

Netgear Litigation

On December 15, 2020, we filed a lawsuit against Netgear in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, for breach of a Settlement and License Agreement, dated May 22, 2009, with us for Netgear’s failure to make royalty payments, and provide corresponding royalty reports to us based on sales of Netgear’s PoE products. On October 22, 2021, Netgear filed a Demand for Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) seeking to arbitrate certain issues raised in the litigation in the Supreme Court, State of New York, County of New York. We have objected to jurisdiction at the AAA. On April 22, 2022, Netgear filed a counterclaim in the New York court action alleging that we breached the License Agreement by not offering Netgear lower royalties. On September 22, 2022, the arbitration brought by Netgear was dismissed by the AAA on jurisdiction grounds. The case remains pending in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York.

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

Market Information. Our common stock is listed for trading on the NYSE American exchange under the symbol “NTIP”. On March 23, 2023, the closing price for our common stock as reported on the NYSE American Exchange was $2.10 per share. The number of record holders of our common stock was 39 as of March 23, 2023. In addition, we believe there were in excess of approximately 1200 holders of our common stock in “street name” as of March 23, 2023.

Dividend Policy.  Our dividend policy consists of semi-annual cash dividends of $0.05 per share ($0.10 per share annually) which have been paid in March and September of each year.  On February 23, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.05 per share with a payment date of March 24, 2022 to all common shareholders of record as of March 9, 2022. On September 9, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.05 per share with a payment date of September 30, 2022 to all common shareholders of record as of September 20, 2022. On March 3, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.05 per share with a payment date of March 31, 2023 to all common shareholders of record as of March 15, 2023. At this time we anticipate continuing to pay dividends consistent with our policy. However, our dividend policy undergoes a periodic review by our Board of Directors and is subject to change at any time depending upon our earnings, financial requirements and other factors existing at the time.

As of December 31, 2022, we accrued dividends of $37,000 for unvested restricted stock units with dividend equivalent rights.

Recent Issuances of Unregistered Securities. There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

Stock Repurchases. On June 11, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized an extension and increase of the share repurchase program (“Share Repurchase Program”) to repurchase up to $5,000,000 of shares of our common stock over the subsequent 24 month period. The common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions or privately negotiated transactions in our discretion. The timing and amount of the shares repurchased is determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. The Share Repurchase Program may be increased, suspended or discontinued at any time.

During the months of October, November and December 2022, we repurchased common stock pursuant to our Share Repurchase Program as indicated below:

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased an aggregate of 228,530 shares of our common stock pursuant to our Share Repurchase Program at a cost of $531,000 (exclusive of commissions) or an average price per share of $2.33.

Since inception of our Share Repurchase Program (August 2011) to December 31, 2022, we repurchased an aggregate of 9,212,664 shares of our common stock at a cost of $17,758,000 (exclusive of commissions) or an average per share price of $1.93.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes share and exercise price information for our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022.

⁽¹⁾       Consists of shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units issued under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan.

⁽²⁾       Does not take into account outstanding restricted stock units as these awards have no exercise price.

⁽³⁾       Represents shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2022 Stock Incentive Plan. We have discontinued issuing awards under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan as a result of adoption of the 2022 Stock Incentive Plan.

Our 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”) provides for the grant of any or all of the following types of awards: (a) stock options, (b) restricted stock units (c) restricted stock, (d) stock appreciation rights, (e) unrestricted stock awards, (f) cash based awards, and (g) other stock-based awards. Awards under the 2022 Plan may be granted singly, in combination, or in tandem.  Subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments as provided in the 2022 Plan, the 2022 Plan provides for an aggregate of 2,300,000 shares of our common stock to be available for distribution pursuant to the 2022 Plan.  The Compensation Committee (or the Board of Directors) will generally have the authority to administer the 2022 Plan, determine participants who will be granted awards under the 2022 Plan, the size and types of awards, the terms and conditions of awards and the form and content of the award agreements representing awards. Awards under the 2022 Plan may be granted to our employees, directors and consultants. As of December 31, 2022, there were no awards outstanding under our 2022 Plan and 625,000 shares issuable upon vesting restricted stock units under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”).

ITEM 6. (RESERVED)

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in the “Risk Factors” Section on pages 10-18 hereof.

OVERVIEW

Our principal business is the development, licensing and protection of our intellectual property assets. We presently own ninety-seven (97) U.S. patents and [eight] foreign patents relating to: (i) our Cox Patent Portfolio relating to enabling technology for identifying media content on the Internet and taking further action to be performed after such identification; (ii) our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio relating to, among other things, enabling technology for authenticating, provisioning and using embedded Sim (Subscriber Identification Module) technology in next generation IoT, Machine-to-Machine, and other mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and computers; (iii) our HFT Patent Portfolio covering certain advanced technologies relating to high frequency trading, which inventions specifically address technological problems associated with speed and latency and provide critical latency gains in trading systems where the difference between success and failure may be measured in nanoseconds; (iv) our Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio relating to foundational technologies that enable unified search and indexing, displaying and archiving of documents in a computer system; and (v) our Remote Power Patent covering the delivery of power over Ethernet (PoE) cables for the purpose of remotely powering network devices, such as wireless access ports, IP phones and network based cameras. In addition, we continually review opportunities to acquire or license additional intellectual property as well as other strategic alternatives.

At December 31, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $48,439,000 and working capital of $47,359,000. Based on our cash position, we continually review opportunities to acquire additional intellectual property as well as evaluate other strategic opportunities.

To date we have invested $7,000,000 in ILiAD, a clinical stage biotechnology company with an exclusive license to sixty-four patents. Although in 2022 we recorded gains on our investment in ILiAD as referenced below, our investment continues to involve significant risk and the outcome is uncertain.

We had no revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a gain on our equity investment in ILiAD of $3,883,000 in accordance with ASC 323 due to an observable transaction price and dilution to our ownership of ILiAD as a result of an ILiAD private offering as well as a gain on conversion of our convertible note from ILiAD of $271,000 in the private offering (see Note B[6] and Note H to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

We have been dependent upon our Remote Power Patent for a significant portion of our revenue. Our Remote Power Patent generated licensing revenue in excess of $187,000,000 from May 2007 through December 31, 2022. We no longer receive licensing revenue for our Remote Power Patent for any period subsequent March 7, 2020 (the expiration date of the patent). During the fourth quarter of 2022, we commenced separate litigation against ten defendants involving our Remote Power Patent for patent infringement for the period prior to March 7, 2020 (see “Legal Proceedings” on page 20 hereof).

In addition, we have pending litigation involving certain patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio and have appealed the judgment of the District Court dismissing our litigation against Meta (Facebook) on the grounds of non-infringement involving certain patents within our Mirror Worlds Portfolio. We also intend to commence efforts to monetize certain patents within our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio and HFT Patent Portfolio. We may not achieve successful outcomes of such litigation, the appeal, or future litigation involving our patent assets.

Our current strategy includes continuing our licensing efforts with respect to our intellectual property assets and the monetization of our patent portfolios. In addition, we continue to seek to acquire additional intellectual property assets to develop, commercialize, license or otherwise monetize. Our strategy includes working with inventors and patent owners to assist in the development and monetization of their patented technologies. We may also enter into strategic relationships with third parties to develop, commercialize, license or otherwise monetize their intellectual property. Our patent acquisition and development strategy is to focus on acquiring high quality patents which management believes have the potential to generate significant licensing opportunities as we have achieved with respect to our Remote Power Patent and Mirror Worlds Patent Portfolio.

On March 25, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a new patent portfolio (the HFT Patent Portfolio) currently consisting of nine U.S. patents and two pending U.S. patents (see Note I[2] to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report).

The significant components of expenses impacting our net income include income tax expense as a result of transactions with our equity method investment in ILiAD. Other significant components of expenses impacting our net income when revenue is recorded relate to contingent legal fees and expenses related to our patent litigation (see Note I[1] to our consolidated financial statements included herein) and incentive compensation payable to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to his employment agreement (see Note J to our consolidated financial statements included herein), both such components of expenses are based on a percentage of the licensing revenue received by us as a result of litigation or otherwise.

Our annual and quarterly operating and financial results may fluctuate significantly from period to period as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control, including the timing and our ability to achieve successful outcomes of our patent litigation, our ability and timing of consummating future license agreements for our intellectual property, and whether we will achieve a return on our investment in ILiAD and the timing of any such return.

Our future operating results may also be materially impacted by our ability to acquire high quality patents which management believes have the potential to generate significant licensing opportunities. In the future, we may not be able to identify or consummate such patent acquisitions or, if consummated, achieve significant licensing revenue with respect to such acquisitions.

In 2023 and future years we could be classified as a Personal Holding Company. If this is the case, we would be subject to a 20% tax on the amount of any undistributed personal holding company income (as defined) for such year that we do not distribute to our shareholders (see Note E to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report).

On June 9, 2021, our Board of Directors approved the continuation of our dividend policy consisting of semi-annual cash dividends of $0.05 per share ($0.10 per share annually) which have been paid in March and September of each year. In 2022 and 2021, we paid semi-annual cash dividends in accordance with our dividend policy. At this time we anticipate continuing to pay dividends consistent with our policy. However, our dividend policy undergoes a periodic review by our Board of Directors and is subject to change at any time depending upon our financial requirements, earnings and other factors existing at the time (see Note O to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021

Revenue. We had no revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022”) as compared to revenue of $36,029,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021”). Revenue for 2021 resulted from our resolution of a contractual dispute with Cisco concerning licensing of our Remote Power Patent and our litigation settlement with Hewlett-Packard.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for 2022 were $3,903,000 as compared to $16,443,000 for 2021.

We had costs of revenue of $-0- and $12,147,000 for 2022 and 2021, respectively. Included in the costs of revenue for 2021 were contingent legal fees of $10,346,000 and incentive bonus compensation of $1,801,000 payable to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to his employment agreement (see Note J[1] to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

Professional fees and related costs were $809,000 for 2022 as compared to $1,500,000 for 2021 as a result of decreased expenses related to patent litigation.

Stock-based compensation was $585,000 for 2022 as compared to $238,000 for 2021. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was due to the issuance of restricted stock units to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to his employment agreement (see Note J[1] to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

Operating (Loss) Income. We had an operating loss of $3,903,000 for 2022 compared with operating income of $19,586,000 for 2021. The operating loss for 2022 was due to no revenue for the period as compared to revenue of $36,029,000 for 2021.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income for 2022 was $1,020,000 as compared to $327,000 for 2021 primarily as a result of a change in the mix of our short term fixed income investments and cash equivalents to higher yielding investments as interest rates were rising in 2022.

Gain on Conversion of Note. For 2022, we recorded a gain on conversion of our ILiAD convertible note of $271,000 as compared to $-0- for 2021 as a result of the conversion of the ILiAD convertible note and accrued interest into equity of ILiAD (see Note H to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

Gain on Equity Method Investment. For 2022, we recorded a gain on our equity method investment in ILiAD of $3,883,000 as compared to $-0- for 2021, as a result of an unrealized gain in connection with ILiAD’s August 2022 private offering, which was accounted for as an observable price transaction (see Note B[6] and Note H to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

Realized and Unrealized Loss on Marketable Securities. For 2022, we recorded realized and unrealized losses on marketable securities of $1,351,000 as compared to $173,000 for 2021. The increased loss of $1,178,000 was due to unfavorable market conditions in the fixed income mutual funds market in 2022 compared to 2021.

Income Taxes. For 2022, we had $-0- current income tax for federal, state and local income taxes and a deferred tax expense of $607,000. For 2021, we had a current tax expense for federal, state and local income taxes of $2,952,000 and a deferred tax expense of $1,508,000. The net decrease of income tax expense of $3,853,000 was primarily due to no revenue in 2022.

Share of Net Losses of Equity Method Investee. We incurred net losses of $1,639,000 and $999,000 during 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to our equity method investment in ILiAD. The increase of $640,000 in the net losses of ILiAD includes an additional loss of $398,000 as a result of new information received from ILiAD in the fourth quarter of 2022 (see Note B[6] and Note H to our consolidated financial statements included herein).

Net (Loss) Income. As a result of the foregoing, we incurred a net loss of $2,326,000 or $0.10 per share basic and diluted for 2022 compared with net income of $14,281,000 or $0.59 per share basic and $0.58 per share diluted for 2021.  Our net loss for 2022 was due to having no revenue and our continuing operating expenses supporting our patent portfolios, offset by our gain on equity method investment of $3,883,000 and interest and dividend income of $1,020,000. In comparison, we had revenue of $36,029,000 for 2021 from the resolution of our contractual dispute with Cisco and our litigation settlement with Hewlett-Packard.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We have financed our operations primarily from revenue from licensing our patents. At December 31, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $48,439,000 and working capital of $47,359,000. Based on our current cash position, we believe that we will have sufficient cash to fund our operations for the next twelve months and the foreseeable future. Material increases in our liquidity and capital resources are primarily dependent upon litigation outcomes and licensing of our intellectual property as well as whether we will be able to achieve returns on our investment in ILiAD.

Working capital decreased by $8,306,000 at December 31, 2022 to $47,359,000 as compared to working capital of $55,665,000 at December 31, 2021.  The decrease in working capital was primarily due to our operating loss of $3,903,000, payment of income taxes of $3,004,000, cash dividends paid of $2,455,000, and an additional investment of $1,000,000 in ILiAD.

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities for 2022 decreased by $24,935,000 from $19,499,000 provided by operating activities for 2021 to $5,436,000 used in operating activities for 2022, primarily due to no revenue in 2022 as compared to revenue of $36,029,000 for 2021. In addition, in 2022 we paid $3,004,000 in income taxes related to 2021 taxable income.

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities during 2022 was $(22,271,000) as compared to $2,994,000 for 2021, primarily as a result of the differential of increased purchases and decreased sales of marketable securities.

Net cash used in financing activities for 2022 and 2021 was $3,342,000 and $3,501,000, respectively. The reduction of $159,000 primarily resulted from repurchases of our common stock of $534,000 for 2022 compared to $1,077,000 of repurchases for 2021 and offset by an increase of $341,000 in the value of shares delivered to fund withholding taxes for 2022.

We maintain our cash in money market funds, government securities, certificates of deposit, and short-term fixed income securities. Accordingly, we do not believe that our investments have significant exposure to interest rate risk.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities except for our lease obligations for our principal office space (see Note I[4] to our consolidated financial statement included herein).

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are based on our audited consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The significant estimates and assumptions made in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, contingent legal fees and related expenses, income taxes, valuation of patents and equity method investments. Actual results could be materially different from those estimates, upon which the carrying values were based. See also Note B to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for full disclosure of our accounting policies.

We believe our most critical accounting policies and estimates to be the following:

Equity Method Investments

Equity method investments are equity securities in entities that we do not control but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence. These investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323, Investments — Equity Method and Joint Ventures (see Note B[6] hereof). Equity method investments are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus our share of an investee’s income or loss, and adjustments based on the investees observable price transactions, if any. Our proportionate share of the income or loss from equity method investments is recognized on a one-quarter lag. When our carrying value in an equity method investment is reduced to zero, no further losses are recorded in our financial statements unless we guaranteed obligations of the investee company or have committed additional funding. When the investee company subsequently reports income, we will not record our share of such income until it equals the amount of our share of losses not previously recognized. In the event the equity method investee enters into an observable price transaction, the Company will increase or decrease the carrying value in its equity method investment based on the transaction price. Upon sale of equity method investments, the difference between sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the equity investment is recognized in profit or loss. In determining whether an equity method investment is impaired, we take into consideration a variety of factors including the operating and financial performance of the investee, the investee’s future business plans and projections, discussions with the investee’s management, and our intent and ability to hold the investment until it recovers in value. Accordingly, we make assumptions and estimates in assessing whether an impairment has occurred and if, in the future, our assumptions and estimates made in assessing the fair value of these investments change, this could result in a material decrease in the carrying value of the investment. This would cause us to write-down the carrying value of the investment and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period the impairment charge is taken.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), which requires us to use the assets and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the assets and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary (timing) differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Under this accounting standard, the effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income based on management business plans. This process involves significant management judgment about assumptions that are subject to change from period to period. Because the recognition of deferred tax assets requires management to make significant judgments about future earnings, the periods in which items will impact taxable income and the application of inherently complex tax laws, we have identified the assessment of deferred tax assets and the need for any related valuation allowance as a critical accounting estimate.

Not applicable.

The consolidated financial statements required hereby are located on pages F-1 through F-23 which follow Part III.

None.

(a)    Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon this review, our executive officers concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)   Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

(i)       Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting” of the Company, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act.  Internal control over financial reporting is defined as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the issuer’s principal executive and principal financial officer and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the

preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013).  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(ii)     Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as such, are not required to provide the information contained in this sub-section pursuant to Item 308(b) of Regulation S-K. Accordingly, this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.

(iii)     Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

Not Applicable.

PART III

The following information includes information each director and executive officer has given us about his or her age, all positions he or she holds, his or her principal occupation and business experience for at least the past five years, and the names of other publicly-held companies of which he or she currently serves as a director or has served as a director during the past five years. In addition to the information presented regarding each director’s specific experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led our Board to the conclusion that he or she should serve as a director, we also believe that all of our directors have a reputation for integrity, honesty and adherence to high ethical standards. They each have demonstrated business acumen, exercise sound judgment, and a commitment of service to Network-1 and our Board.

Information about the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by each executive officer and director appears in this Annual Report under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” beginning on page 43 hereof. There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.

Corey M. Horowitz has been our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since December 2003. Mr. Horowitz has also served as Chairman of our Board of Directors since January 1996 and has been a member of our Board of Directors since April 1994. In December 2018, Mr. Horowitz became a member of the Board of Managers of ILiAD Biotechnologies, LLC, a privately held biotechnology company, in connection with our investment in the company (see “Business-Investment in ILiAD Biotechnologies” at page 9 of this Annual Report). Mr. Horowitz is also a member of the Life Sciences Institute Leadership Council at the University of Michigan. We believe Mr. Horowitz’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his significant experience and expertise as an executive in the intellectual property field, his understanding of our intellectual property and the patent acquisition, licensing and enforcement business combined with his private equity and corporate transactional experience.

Jonathan E. Greene became our Executive Vice President in October 2013 and our Secretary and a member of our Board of Directors in September 2022. He served as a consultant to the Company from December 2004 until March 2013, providing technical and marketing analysis for our intellectual property portfolio. Mr. Greene became an employee of Network-1 in March 2013. From April 2006 to February 2009, Mr. Greene served as a marketing consultant for Avatier Corporation, a developer of identity management software. From August 2003 until December 2004, he served as a consultant to Neartek, Inc., a storage management software company (August 2003 until October 2003) and Kavado Inc., a security software company (November 2003 until December 2004). We believe Mr. Greene’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his engineering and technical expertise to assist us in our patent acquisition, licensing and enforcement business.

Robert M. Mahan became our Chief Financial Officer in December 2022. Mr. Mahan currently serves as President of Management and Financial Services, Inc., a consulting firm that he founded in 2011 which provides general management, financial and operations consulting services to private and public companies. From May 2021 to February 2022, Mr. Mahan served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of Loft Orbital Solutions, Inc., a space infrastructure company that designs, launches and operates low earth orbit satellites. From April 2019 to May 2021, he served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer of XWELL, Inc., formerly XpresSpa Group, Inc., (NASDAQ: XWEL), a global health and wellness holding company operating XpresCheck®, XpresSpa®, and Treat™ locations in airports. From November 2016 through April 2019, Mr. Mahan served as the Chief Financial Officer of SkyBell Technologies, Inc., a company engaged in the video doorbell and smart home industry. Mr. Mahan began his career in the audit practice of PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1989 through 1992 and as a Controller/Division Chief Financial Officer of Tommy Hilfiger USA, Inc. from 1992 – 2001.

Emanuel R. Pearlman has been a member of our Board of Directors since January 2012, where he serves as Chairman of our Audit Committee and a member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Pearlman currently serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Liberation Investment Group, a New York based investment management and financial consulting firm, which he founded in January 2003. In March 2023, Mr. Pearlman became a member of the Board of Directors of QualTek

Services Inc. (NASDAQ:QTEK, a leading turnkey provider of infrastructure services to North American 5G wireless, telecom, power grid modernization and renewable energy sectors. Mr. Pearlman also serves as a member of the Special Committee of the Board to review and approve strategic and financial alternatives. In March 2023, Mr. Pearlman also became a member of the Board of Directors of MidCap Financial Investment Corporation (NASDAQ:MFIC), a closed-end externally managed, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company. Mr. Pearlman also serves on the Audit, Nominating and Corporate Governance, and Compensation Committee of MidCap Financial Investment Corp. In February 2023, Mr. Pearlman became a member of the Board of Directors of Diebold Nixdorf, Inc. (NYSE: DBD), a multinational financial and retail technology company, and serves as a member of its Finance Committee and the People and Compensation Committee. From March 2022 to April 2022, he was a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Strategic Review Committee of Red Box Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:RDBX), an entertainment company that provides consumers access to a large variety of content across digital and physical media. From October 2020 to September 2021, Mr. Pearlman was a member of the Board of Directors of Atlas Crest Investment Corp. (NYSE:ACIC) and during the period February 2021 until June 2022, he served on the Board of Directors of Atlas Crest Investment Corp. II (NYSE:ACII), each entity is a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). Mr. Pearlman served as Chairman of the Audit Committee and a member of the Compensation Committee and Nomination & Governance Committee of Atlas Crest Investment Corp. until September 2021 and held the same committee positions for Atlas Crest Investment Corp. II until June 2022. Mr. Pearlman served as Executive Chairman of Empire Resorts, Inc. (NASDAQ:NYNY) from June 2016 until November 2019, served as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board from September 2010 through May 2016, and served on the Board of Directors from May 2010 to November 2019. Mr. Pearlman was a member of the Board of Directors of CEVA Logistics, AG (SIX:CEVA) from May 2018 until October 2019 and served on its Audit Committee from May 2018 through October 2019 and its Nomination and Governance Committee from May 2018 through May 2019. We believe Mr. Pearlman’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his significant investment and financial experience and expertise combined with his Board experience.

Niv Harizman has been a member of our Board of Directors since December 2012. Mr. Harizman is a Managing Member of Tyto Capital Partners LLC, a private investment firm specializing in debt and equity investments in middle market companies and special situations, a position he has held since August 2010. Since March 2010, Mr. Harizman has also been the Managing Member of NHK Partners LLC, an entity that makes private investments and provides consulting services. Since November 2013, Mr. Harizman has been affiliated with Riverside Management Group, a merchant banking firm, and BCW Securities LLC, its affiliated broker-dealer.  We believe Mr. Harizman’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his significant investment and financial transactional experience and expertise.

Allison Hoffman has been a member of our Board of Directors since December 2012. Since August 2020, Ms. Hoffman has served as General Counsel of Phreesia, Inc. (NYSE:PHR), a leading provider of software solutions that healthcare organizations use to manage the patient intake process. From January 2016 until August 2020, Ms. Hoffman served as Chief Legal Officer and Chief Administrative Officer at Intersection Parent, Inc., an urban experience company that utilizes technology to make cities better, including bringing free Wi-Fi throughout New York City.  We believe that Ms. Hoffman’s qualifications to serve on our Board include her extensive legal background and transactional experience.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors currently has four standing committees: an Audit Committee; a Compensation Committee; a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a Strategic Development Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has a charter.  These charters are available on our website at: http://ir.Network-1.com/governance-docs. Each member of each committee is an “independent” director under the standards of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide. Three of our current five directors, Emanuel Pearlman, Allison Hoffman and Niv Harizman, are considered independent directors under Rule 803A(2) of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide.

Audit Committee

Our Board of Directors has a separately standing audit committee in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 803B of the NYSE American Company LLC Guide consisting of Emanuel Pearlman (Chairman) and Allison Hoffman. Emanuel Pearlman qualifies as an audit committee financial expert under applicable SEC rules. Mr. Pearlman and Ms. Hoffman qualify as “independent” as independence for audit committee members is defined under Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 803B(2) of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide.

The Audit Committee is appointed by our Board of Directors to provide assistance to the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibility with respect to, among other things, (i) the integrity of our financial statements, (ii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (iii) selecting and evaluating the qualifications and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm, (iv) evaluating the performance of our internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm, and (v) our internal controls and procedures.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee consists of Allison Hoffman (Chair) and Niv Harizman. The Compensation Committee is appointed by our Board of Directors to assist the Board in carrying out its responsibilities relating to compensation of our executive officers and directors.  The Committee has overall responsibility for evaluating and approving the officer and director compensation plans, policies and our programs.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our Board has a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consisting of Niv Harizman (Chairman) and Emanuel Pearlman.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance policies for the Company, establishing criteria for selecting new directors, and identifying, screening and recruiting new directors. The Committee also recommends to the Board nominees for directors and recommends directors for committee membership to the Board.

Strategic Development Committee

We also have a Strategic Development Committee to assist our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in strategic development and planning of our business relating to identifying potential strategic partners, the acquisition of new IP and other acquisition opportunities.  The Committee also assists in capital markets related activities. Niv Harizman is the sole member of the Strategic Development Committee.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our executive officers, directors and employees. Copies of the Code of Ethics may be obtained, without charge, upon written request addressed to: Network-1 Technologies, Inc., 65 Locust Avenue, Third Floor, New Canaan, Connecticut 06840, Attn: Chief Executive Officer.

ITEM 11.     EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes compensation for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and to each of our executive officers who received total compensation in excess of $100,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 for services rendered in all capacities to us (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”).

Summary Compensation Table

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

Employment Agreements, Termination of Employment and Change-In-Control Arrangements

On March 22, 2022, we entered into a new employment agreement (“Agreement”) with Corey M. Horowitz, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which he continues to serve as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for a four year term (“Term”), at an annual base salary of $535,000 which shall be increased by 3% per annum during the Term. The Agreement established an annual target bonus of $175,000 for our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer based upon performance. For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer received an annual discretionary bonus of $175,000.

In addition, pursuant to the Agreement, we granted to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, under our 2013 Plan, 600,000 restricted stock units (the “RSUs”, each RSU awarded by us to our officers, directors and consultants represents a contingent right to receive one share of our common stock) which terms provided for vesting in four tranches, as follows: (1) 175,000 RSUs which shall vest 100,000 RSUs on March 22, 2023 and 75,000 RSUs on March 22, 2024, subject to Mr. Horowitz’s continued employment by us through each such vesting date (the “Employment Condition”) (“Tranche 1”); (2) 150,000 RSUs shall vest if at any time during the Term our common stock achieves a closing price for twenty (20) consecutive trading days (“Closing Price”) of a minimum of $3.50 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits) and the Employment Condition is satisfied through the date such minimum per share Closing Price is achieved (“Tranche 2”); (3) 150,000 RSUs shall vest if at any time during the Term our common stock achieves a Closing Price of a minimum of $4.00 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits) and the Employment Condition is satisfied through the date such minimum per share Closing Price is achieved (“Tranche 3”); and (4) 125,000 RSUs shall vest if at any time during the Term, our common stock achieves a Closing Price of a minimum of $4.50 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits) and the Employment Condition is satisfied through the date such minimum per share Closing Price is achieved (“Tranche 4”).  In the event of a Change of Control (as defined), Termination Other Than for Cause (as defined) or a termination by Mr. Horowitz for Good Reason (as defined) in each case prior to the last day of the Term, the vesting of all RSUs (Tranches 1, 2, 3 and 4) shall accelerate (and not be subject to any conditions) and all RSUs shall become immediately fully vested. All RSUs granted by us to our officers, directors or consultants have dividend equivalent rights.

Under the terms of the Agreement, so long as Mr. Horowitz continues to serve as an executive officer of the Company, whether pursuant to the Agreement or otherwise, Mr. Horowitz shall also receive incentive compensation in an amount equal to 5% of our gross royalties or other payments from Licensing Activities (as defined) (without deduction of legal fees or any other expenses) with respect to our Remote Power Patent and a 10% net interest (gross royalties and other payments after deduction of all legal fees and litigation expenses related to licensing, enforcement and sale activities, but in no event shall he receive less than 6.25% of the gross recovery) of our royalties and other payments relating to Licensing Activities with respect to patents other than our Remote Power Patent (including all of our existing patent portfolios and our investment in ILiAD) (collectively, the “Incentive Compensation”). During the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Mr. Horowitz earned Incentive Compensation of $-0- and $1,801,000, respectively.

The Incentive Compensation shall continue to be paid to Mr. Horowitz for the life of each of our patents with respect to licenses entered into with third parties during the Term or at any time thereafter, whether he is employed by us or not; provided, that, the employment of Mr. Horowitz has not been terminated by us “For Cause” (as defined) or terminated by him without “Good Reason” (as defined). In the event of a merger or sale of substantially all of our assets, we have the option to extinguish the right of Mr. Horowitz to receive future Incentive Compensation by payment to him of a lump sum payment, in an amount equal to the fair market value of such future interest as determined by an independent third party expert if the parties do not reach agreement as to such value. In the event that Mr. Horowitz’s employment is terminated by us “Other Than For Cause” (as defined) or by him for “Good Reason” (as defined), Mr. Horowitz shall also be entitled to (i) a lump sum severance payment of 12 months base salary, (ii) a pro-rated portion of the $175,000 target bonus provided bonus criteria have been satisfied on a pro-rated basis through the calendar quarter in which the termination occurs and (iii) accelerated vesting of all unvested options, RSUs or other awards.

In connection with the Agreement, Mr. Horowitz has also agreed not to compete with us as follows: (i) during the Term and for a period of 12 months thereafter if his employment is terminated “Other Than For Cause” (as defined) provided he is paid his 12 month base salary severance amount and (ii) for a period of two years from the termination date, if terminated “For Cause” by us or “Without Good Reason” by Mr. Horowitz.

Jonathan Greene serves as our Executive Vice President and Secretary on an at-will basis at an annual base salary of $200,000. Mr. Greene received a discretionary annual bonus of $25,000 for 2022 and $40,000 in 2021. On December 29, 2020, Mr. Greene was granted 10,000 RSUs under the 2013 Plan, 50% of such RSUs vested on the one year anniversary of the date of grant (December 29, 2021) and 50% of such RSUs vested on the two year anniversary of the grant (December 29, 2022). On January 18, 2022, Mr. Greene was granted 15,000 RSUs under the 2022 Plan, 50% of such RSUs vested on the one year anniversary of the date of grant (January 18, 2023) and 50% of such RSUs vest on the two year anniversary of the grant (January 18, 2024), subject to Mr. Greene’s continued employment.

David Kahn served as our Chief Financial Officer on an at-will basis at an annual base salary of $175,000, until his retirement in December 2022. On December 29, 2020, Mr. Kahn was granted 7,500 RSUs under the 2013 Plan, 50% of such RSUs vested on the one year anniversary of the grant (December 29, 2021) and 50% of such RSUs vested on the two year anniversary of the grant (December 29, 2022). In connection with his retirement, Mr. Kahn was granted severance of six months base salary and certain other benefits.

Robert Mahan serves as our Chief Financial Officer as of December 21, 2022 on a consulting basis at an annual compensation of $175,000.

Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan

We offer all employees who have completed a year of service (as defined) participation in a 401(k) retirement savings plan, which provides a tax-advantaged method of saving for retirement. We expensed matching contributions and profit sharing of $78,000 and $102,000 under the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Director Compensation

In 2022, we compensated each non-management director of our Company by granting to each such outside director 15,000 RSUs. The RSUs vested in equal amounts of 3,750 RSUs on each of March 15, 2022, June 15, 2022, September 15, 2022 and December 15, 2022. In addition, we pay our non-management directors cash director fees of $40,000 per annum ($10,000 per quarter). Non-management directors also receive additional cash compensation on an annual basis for serving on the following Board committees: The Audit Committee Chairperson receives $7,500 and members receive $5,000; the Chairperson and members of each of the Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee receive annual fees of $3,750 and $2,500, respectively.

The following table sets forth the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to all persons who served as members of our Board of Directors (other than our Named Executive Officers) during the year ended December 31, 2022. No director who is also a Named Executive Officer received any compensation for services as a director in 2022.

___________________________

Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2022

The following table sets forth information relating to outstanding equity awards consisting of unvested restricted stock units for each Named Executive Officer as of December 31, 2022 (there were no outstanding stock options):

________________________________

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 10, 2023 for (i) each of our directors, (ii) each of our executive officers, (iii) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock, and (iv) all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

_____________________________________

* Less than 1%.

On June 1, 2022, we repurchased from Allison Hoffman, a director of the Company, 41,500 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.42 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $100,430.

Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons

The Audit Committee has responsibility for reviewing and approving related-persons transactions in accordance with its charter. A related person is any executive officer, director, nominee for director or more than 5% stockholder of the Company, including immediate family members, and any entity owned or controlled by such persons. In addition, pursuant to our Code of Ethics, all of our officers, directors and employees are to avoid conflicts of interest and to refrain from taking part or exercising influence in any transaction in which such party’s personal interest may conflict with the best interest of the Company.  Except for provisions of the Audit Committee Charter, there are no written procedures governing review of related-persons transactions.

Director Independence

Three of our five directors, Emanuel Pearlman, Niv Harizman and Allison Hoffman, are considered independent directors in compliance with the standard of independence in Section 803A(2) of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide. 

Audit Fees

Marcum LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm as of October 11, 2022, billed us aggregate fees of $103,200 for the year ended December 31, 2022, for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of our financial statements included in our Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and for other services in connection with statutory or regulatory filings. Friedman LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm until October 11, 2022, billed us aggregate fees of $48,832 and $135,535 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for the audit of our financial statements for 2021, review of our financial statements included in our Form 10-Qs and for other services in connection with statutory and regulatory filings.

Tax Fees and Other Fees

Marcum LLP provided various tax and compliance services for which it billed us $30,320 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Friedman LLP provided various tax and compliance services for which it billed us $3,271 and $22,890, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 which included preparation of our tax returns. Marcum LLP and Friedman LLP did not render any other professional services other than those discussed above for 2022.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Our audit committee charter provides that our audit committee must comply with SEC rules to maintain auditor independence as set forth in Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i) of Regulation S-X. The Audit Committee has a policy to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. All the services above were approved in advance by our Board of Directors. 

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Network-1 Technologies, Inc

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Network-1 Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Marcum llp

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014 (such date takes into account the acquisition of certain assets of Friedman LLP by Marcum LLP effective September 1, 2022)

New York, New York
March 30, 2023

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Network-1 Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Network-1 Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Friedman LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2014 to 2022.

New York, New York
March 30, 2022

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021